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SCHOOLS OF COMPARATIVE LITERATURE

Introduction : Ø   Comparative Literature was established in France during the 19 th century as an academic discipline : France   1816 Ø   It reached America only during the 20 th century through the German scholars who migrated to America from Hitler’s Germany The French School : Ø   In the French sense of Comparative Literature, it is the moral responsibility of every French Comparatist to trace and relate the world literary experience to the French literary response because , according to him, the French literature is the backbone of the universal literary system Ø   Therefore, they were interested in analysing the external sources and influence of works. In the French School, Comparative Literature becomes an ancillary discipline in the field of French literary history Ø   The French school   was too narrow and relied too heavily on factual evidence Ø   It argued that Comparative literature ought to involve the study of two el...
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THEMATOLOGY IN COMPARATIVE LITERATURE

Introduction v   Thematology or study of themes is a new area in the field of comparative literature. It was introduced by the famous American comparatist, Harry Levin. It was he who coined the term ‘Thematics’ or ‘Thematology’ v   Thematology is a comparative study of literary works as they relate to other literary works as far as the themes are concerned Themes and Motifs Thematology involves the study of ‘themes’ and ‘motifs’ . Both are basically different but modern literary critics use them as interchangeable terms. A motif is a recurring element in a work of art. It may be an incident or a device or a formula. For example, folklores have a common motif of a ugly woman becoming a charming princess. Another common motif is bemoaning of the bygone past in lyrics. The ‘theme’ is a recurrent element but it is related to the subject-matter to both form and content Motif vs Theme The theme is the central idea or message where as the motif constitutes the unit from...
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NATIONAL, COMPARATIVE AND WORLD LITERATURE

  “Literature in English” is a common one that encompasses all literature written in English, regardless of the citizenship of the author Classification is essential to distinguish Comparative Literature from National Literature, General Literature, and World Literature   National Literature Two contradictory explanations…. 1. National literature  is produced by the people of a state, in the language of that people. For example, the Tamil literature, written in Tamil and by a Tamilian is accepted as National Literature. This is a narrow sense which excludes Tamil literature produced in countries like Sri Lanka, Malaysia and other countries National literature is the literature produced by citizens of a particular nation. It's one way of grouping literature (e.g., American literature, British literature, French literature, and Indian English literature) 2. Many comparitists accept all writings produced by those people who share the same culture and language t...
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